Celiac Disease — NCLEX Cheat Sheet

Teach and reinforce a strict lifelong gluten-free diet and meticulous label reading. Assess for and address nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate, B12, calcium, vitamin D) and monitor growth in children. Monitor hydration and electrolyte balance during active diarrhea/malabsorption. Refer to a dietitian and celiac support resources for sustainable adherence.

Report continued symptoms or weight loss despite a gluten-free diet (possible hidden gluten or refractory disease). Report signs of severe deficiency: bone pain/fractures (osteoporosis), neuropathy (B12), or bleeding (vitamin K). Never reintroduce gluten 'just to test'; even small amounts cause damage.

Gluten exposure flattens intestinal villi, causing malabsorption with steatorrhea (bulky, foul, fatty, floating stools), weight loss, bloating, and fatigue. Malabsorption leads to deficiencies of iron, folate, vitamin B12, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), and calcium, causing anemia and osteoporosis. The cornerstone of treatment is a lifelong strict gluten-free diet that excludes wheat, barley, and rye. Safe grains include rice, corn, quinoa, and certified gluten-free oats; patients must read labels for hidden gluten.

Strictly avoid all wheat, barley, and rye, including hidden sources in sauces, soups, processed foods, and medications. Choose naturally gluten-free foods (rice, corn, quinoa, potatoes, fresh meats, fruits, vegetables) and certified gluten-free products. Prevent cross-contamination with separate utensils, toasters, and preparation surfaces. Read every label every time, since ingredients change, and the diet is lifelong.